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一、动词形式变化规则体系1. 第三人称单数（-s/-es形式）

规则

动词原形 → 三单形式

例句

一般情况

work → works

She works efficiently.

以 s, x, z, ch, sh 结尾

pass → passes

He passes the exam.

以 辅音字母 + y 结尾

study → studies

The baby cries loudly.

以 o 结尾

go → goes

It goes wrong.

⚠️ 特例：

have → has（I have / She has）be → is（They are / He is）2. 现在分词（-ing形式）

规则

动词原形 → 现在分词

例句

一般情况

play → playing

They are playing.

以 不发音e 结尾

write → writing

I am writing.

重读闭音节结尾

run → running

She is running.

以 ie 结尾

die → dying

The flower is dying.

闭音节双写条件：

末尾为 单辅音字母（stop → stopping）前面是 单元音字母（begin → beginning）✘ 不双写： open → opening（非重读音节）3. 过去式 & 过去分词（规则变化）

规则

动词原形 → 过去式/过去分词

例句

一般情况

want → wanted

We wanted help.

以 e 结尾

live → lived

She lived here.

以 辅音字母 + y 结尾

try → tried

He tried hard.

重读闭音节结尾

plan → planned

They planned it.

4. 不规则动词变形表（高频50词精选）

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

中文

be

was/were

been

是

begin

began

begun

开始

break

broke

broken

打破

choose

chose

chosen

选择

do

did

done

做

go

went

gone

去

see

saw

seen

看见

write

wrote

written

写

规律总结：

AAA型： cut-cut-cut, put-put-put

ABB型： teach-taught-taught, bring-brought-brought

ABA型： come-came-come, run-ran-run

ABC型： drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten

二、动词短语（Phrasal Verbs）分类详解▶ 结构类型与用法

类型

结构

例句及翻译

注意事项

动词+副词

give up

Don’t give up! (别放弃)

宾语为代词时放中间： give it up

动词+介词

look after

She looks after kids. (照顾)

宾语必须放后面： look after them

动词+副词+介词

get away with

He got away with cheating. (逃脱惩罚)

不可拆分

▶ 高频短语动词替换表

口语短语

正式同义词

例句

put off

postpone

We put off the meeting.

find out

discover

Find out

the truth.

take over

assume control

The company was taken over.

三、时态与分词核心功能1. 分词用法对比

形式

功能

例句

现在分词

进行时态/形容词

It’s raining. (进行时)

a boring class (形容词)

过去分词

完成时态/被动语态

I have finished. (完成时)

written

in English (被动)

2. 时态结构速查表

时态

结构

例句

现在进行时

am/is/are + doing

She is singing.

过去完成时

had + done

They had left.

将来进行时

will be + doing

I will be working.

现在完成进行时

have been + doing

He has been waiting.

四、易错点与应试技巧 高频错误预警三单遗漏：✘ She go to school. → ✔ She goes to school.双写错误：✘ stop → stoping → ✔ stopping（闭音节双写）不规则动词混淆：✘ I have swam. → ✔ I have swum.短语动词误拆：✘ look the word up in the dictionary → ✔ look up the word 或 look it up 应试黄金法则时态判断三步法：例：By 2025, the project ______ (complete).→ 时间：by 2025（将来完成）；状态：被动 → will have been completedStep 1：找时间状语（yesterday → 过去时）Step 2：看动作状态（持续中 → 进行时）Step 3：查主被动关系（被邀请 → 被动语态）非谓语动词选择口诀：主动用doing，被动用done，目的用to doHe came to help me. (目的)Seeing the teacher, he stood up. (主动)Seen from space, Earth is blue. (被动)五、特殊动词用法（情态/系动词）

类别

核心动词

功能

例句

情态动词

can/must/should

表能力/义务/建议

You should rest.

系动词

be/become/seem

连接主语与表语

She became a doctor.

⚠️ 注意：

情态动词后接 动词原形： ✘ He can swims. → ✔ He can swim.系动词后接 形容词/名词： ✘ It sounds terribly. → ✔ It sounds terrible.

总结：动词学习核心脉络

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附：不规则动词记忆口诀“i-a-u” 型： begin → began → begun“o-e-en” 型： break → broke → broken“d-t-en” 型： write → wrote → written

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